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History & Modern Evolution of Transnational Commercial Law

Berger/Erdely, 'Force Majeure in International Contract Law - A Comment on National Oil Corporation v Sun Oil', in: Wautelet/Kruger/Coppens (eds.), The Practice of Arbitration - Essays in Honour of Hans van Houtte, 2012, p. 61 et seq.

Title
Berger/Erdely, 'Force Majeure in International Contract Law - A Comment on National Oil Corporation v Sun Oil', in: Wautelet/Kruger/Coppens (eds.), The Practice of Arbitration - Essays in Honour of Hans van Houtte, 2012, p. 61 et seq.
Table of Contents
Force Majeure in International Contract LawA Comment on National Oil Corporation v Sun Oil
Content
61

Force Majeure in International Contract Law

A Comment on National Oil Corporation v Sun Oil

[...]

62 Arbitral tribunals concerned with such disputes resulting from international contracts make their decisions taking into account three criteria, namely the will of the parties

63 reflected by the force majeure clause of the relevant contract, the applicable substantive law, and internationally accepted general principles of law, such as force majeure among others, which are clearely defined in several international conventions and soft law codifications.8 The case law of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal provides a perfect example of the use of general principles of laws by international arbitral tribunals because the Tribunal's application of the force majeure concept have rested entirely (implicitly or explicitly) on general principles and there has been little or no application of national law in this area.9
[...]

8 For the methodical issues related to the evolution of transnational principles of law, see generally A Metzger, Extra legem, intra ius: Allgemeine Rechtsgrundsätze im Europäischen Privatrecht (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck Verlag 2009) 244 et seq.
9 See JR Crook, 'Applicable Law in International Commercial Arbitration: The Iran-US-Claims Tribunal Experience' (1989) 83 AJIL 278, 293 et seq.; JA Westberg, 'Contract Excuse in International Business Transactions: Award of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal' (1989) 4 ICSID Review-FILR 215 et seq.

Referring Principles
Trans-Lex Principle: VI.3 - Force majeure
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