61ICC Incoterms®. See, e.g., Incoterms® 2010, ICC Publication No. 715EF, 2010.
62UCP 600, ICC Publication No. 600LE (2007).
63For example, GAFTA 100: Grain and Feed Trade Association, No 100 ‘Contract for Shipment of Feed- ingstuffs in Bulk’ (1 October 1995). See Ulrich Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Terms’ in Larry A. Di- Matteo/André Janssen/Ulrich Magnus/Reiner Schulze (eds), International Sales Law: Contract, Principles and Practice (Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016) 243, 246 (arguing in relation to incorporation that little turns on the distinction between individually negotiated terms and standard terms).
64See, e.g., OGH 6 February 1996, CISG-online 224; Hoge Raad, Netherlands, 28 January 2005, CISG- online 1002; OGH 31 August 2005, CISG-online 1093; OLG Naumburg 13 February 2013, CISG-online 2455; Tribunale Rovereto, Italy, 21 November 2007, CISG-online 1590; Mankowski, Introduction Art. 14 para. 21; Ulrich Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms under the CISG’ in Camilla B. Andersen and Ulrich G. Schroeter (eds), Sharing International Law Across National Boundaries: Festschrift for Albert. H Kritzer on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday (Simmonds & Hill, Wildy 2008) 303, 304; Burghard Piltz, ‘Standard Terms in UN-Contracts of Sale’ (2004) 8 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 233, 234; CISG Advisory Council Opinion No 13, Inclusion of Standard Terms under the CISG, Rapporteur: Prof. Sieg Eiselen, (‘CISG Advisory Council Opinion 13'), Rule 1. Contra Hof van Beroep Ghent, 4 October 2004, CISG-online 985 and various decisions in Netherlands and Germany which were rendered before respective Supreme Court decisions (above) followed the majority view. See also Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 40.
65Notably, the following requirements are pre-empted by the applicability of the CISG: German BGB § 305(2), (3); Codice Civile Italiano, Civil Code (Italy) Art. 1341(2); «[...]» Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China National People’s Congress, 15 March 1999 Art. 39(1). Indeed, “[recourse to domestic law or to non-binding rules, such as the PICC is neither necessary nor appropriate”: Ferrari, Art. 14 para. 38. However, issues of validity, unless dealt with by the CISG, are matters for domestic law: Art. 4(1) CISG, See also Bridge, para. 11.17; Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Terms’ in Larry A. DiMatteo/André Janssen/Ulrich Magnus/Reiner Schulze (eds), International Sales Law: Contract, Principles and Practice (Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016), 247; Stefan Kröll, ‘Selected Problems Concerning the CISG’s Scope of Application’ (2005-6) 25 Journal of Law & Commerce 39, 45; Zachariasiewicz, 101-104 (noting the debate as to whether CISG governs inclusion of forum selection clauses in standard terms).
66See BGH 24 March 1999, CISG-online 396 (exclusion of liability clause held invalid as suprising).
67BGH 31 October 2001, CISG-online 617; OLG Düsseldorf 30 January 2004, CISG-online 821 (clear to the reasonable person); Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 44; Ferrari, Art. 14 para. 39.
68OLG Jena 10 November 2010, CISG-online 2216 (10 months prior).
69OGH 6 February 1996, CISG-online 224 (‘usual conditions’ insufficiently precise); CSS Antenna, Inc. y. Amphenol-Tuchel Electronics, GmbH 764 F Supp 2d 745, 754, US District Court Md, United States, 8 February 2011, CISG-online 2177 (vaguely worded reference).
70See further, fn 111 below, and moreover, effect of languages foreign to the addressee on declara- tions ‘reaching’ the addressee --> Art. 24 CISG paras 50-54.
71Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 44.
72OLG Diisseldorf 30 January 2004, CISG-online 821; Audiencia Provincial de Navarra, Spain, 27 De- cember 2007, CISG-online 1798; CA Paris, France, 10 September 2003 (http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/0 30910f1.html). See also Ingeborg Schwenzer/Pascal Hachem/Christopher Kee, Global Sales and Contract Law (Oxford 2012), para. 12.07; Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 44; Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Terms’ in Larry A. DiMatteo/André Janssen/ Ulrich Magnus/Reiner Schulze (eds), International Sales Law: Contract, Principles and Practice (Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016), 247. Contra CISG Advisory Council Opinion 13, Com- ments para. 2.12 (where an offer contains no reference to standard terms, they may be incorporated if printed on the reverse or sent as a separate document, provided the “attached” terms are “conspicuous”.
73Arts 8(3), 9 CISG; OGH 6 February 1996, CISG-online 224; OGH 8 August 2005, CISG-online 1087; LG Neubrandenburg 3 August 2005, CISG-online 1190.
74CISG Advisory Council Opinion 13, Comments paras 1, 5-6; Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 39. Contra International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2016) Art. 2.1.19 (2) ((UNIDROIT Principles’); Commission on European Contract Law, Principles of European Contract Law, Parts. | and II (1998) and Part III (2002) (‘PECL), Art. 2:209(3); Christian von Bar and Eric Clive (eds), Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frameof Reference (DCFR), Full Edition (Sellier, 2009) Art. II.—1:109.
75See also Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 47; Magnus, 322; Felix Lautenschlager, ‘Current Problems Regarding the Interpretation of Statements and Party Conduct under the CISG - The Reasonable Third Person, Lan- guage Problems and Standard Terms and Conditions’ (2007) 11(2) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 259, 290; Zachariasiewicz, 116.
76For example, where there is a framework agreement setting out standard terms, or reference to widely known terms in international trade, e.g., Incoterms’: Magnus, 321-322; Felix Lautenschlager, ‘Current Problems Regarding the Interpretation of Statements and Party Conduct under the CISG - The Reasonable Third Person, Language Problems and Standard Terms and Conditions’ (2007) 11(2) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration, 280; Zachariasiewicz, 117; Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 47.
77Martin Schmidt-Kessel, 'Art. 8 CISG' in Schlechtriem & Schwenzer (ed), Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), (4th end, Oxford 2016) para. 58; Magnus, 'Incorporation of Standard Terms' in Larry A. DiMatteo/André Janssen/Ulrich Magnus/Reiner Schulze (eds), International Sales Law: Contract, Principles and Practice (Bell/Hart/Nomos, 2016), 248 n 10 (referring to views of Berger, Kindler and Schmidt-Kessel in this regard, although disagreeing); OGH 17 December 2003; CISG-online 828; Tribunal Commercial de Nivelles, Belgium, 19 September 1995, CISG-online 366; LG Coburg 12 December 2006, CISG-online 1447.
78See, e.g., BGH 31 October 2001, CISG-online 617; Roser Technologies, Inc. v. Carl Schreiber GmbH, US District Court WD Pa, United States, 10 September 2013, CISG-online 2490; OLG Düsseldorf 25 July 2003, CISG-online 919; OLG Düsseldorf 21 April 2004, CISG-online 915; OLG Celle 24 July 2009, CISG- online 1906; OLG Koblenz 4 October 2002, CISG-online 716: LG Neubrandenburg 3 August 2005, CISG- online 1190; Tribunale Rovereto, Italy, 21 November 2007, CISG-online 1590; Tribunale di Rovereto, Italy, 24 August 2006, CISG-online 1374; OGer Bern 19 May 2008, CISG-online 1814; Gerechtshof Den Haag, Netherlands, 22 April 2014, CISG-online 2515; Rb Amsterdam, Netherlands, 8 January 2014, CISG-online 2512; Mansonville Plastics (BCO) Ltd v. Kurtz GmbH, Supreme Court of British Columbia, Canada, 21 August 2003, CISG-online 1017; Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard ‘Terms in Larry A. DiMatteo/André Janssen/Ulrich Magnus/Reiner Schulze (eds), International Sales Law: Contract, Principles and Practice (Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016), 248; Burghard Piltz, ‘Standard Terms in UN-Contracts of Sale (2004) 8 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 233, 235; Ingeborg Schwenzer and Florian Mohs, ‘Old Habits Die Hard: Traditional Contract Formation in a Modern World’ (2006) 6 Internationales Handelsrecht 239, 240; Olaf Meyer, ‘Constructive Interpretation - Applying the CISG in the 21st Century’ in Olaf Meyer and André Janssen (eds), CISG Methodology (Sellier, 2009) 319, 342; Ferrari, Art. 14 para. 39-40; CISG Advisory Council Opinion 13, Rules 2 and 3, Comments paras 2.3-2.4. Contra, holding that reference to standard terms is sufficient to put the addressee on enquiry: Martin Schmidt Kessel, ‘Art. 8 CISG’ in Schlechtriem & Schwenzer (ed), Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), (4th edn, Oxford 2016) para. 58; OGH 17 December 2003, CISG-online 828; Tribunal Commercial de Nivelles, Belgium, 19 September 1995, CISG-online 366; LG Coburg 12 December 2006, CISG-online 1447.
79Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 48.
80Ferrari, Art. 14 para. 40; Schroeter, Art. 14 para. 48. Contra Zachariasiewicz, 123-125 (arguing CISG should not impose a higher standard for incorporation than that imposed by EU Directives in the context of forum clauses).
81BGH 31 October 2001, CISG-online 617.