Trans-Lex Administrative Information
Document-ID: 966000
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The burden of proof rests on the party who advances a proposition affirmatively ("actori incumbit onus probandi").
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[doctrine ] [arbitral awards ] [court decisions ] [national legislation ] [principles / restatements ] [arbitration rules ] [misc. ] close X Black, Henry Campell, Black's Law Dictionary, 6th ed., St. Paul 1990 Cheng, Bin, General Principles Of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, reprinted, Cambridge 1987 Domingo, Ortega, Rodriguez-Antolin, Zambrana, Principios de Derecho Global, Navarra, 2006 Fouchard, Philippe, L'Arbitrage Commercial International, Paris 1965 Kazazi, Mojtaba, Burden of Proof and Related Issues: a Study on Evidence Before International Tribunals, The Hague / London / Boston 1996 Sandifer, Durward V., Evidence before international Tribunals, Charlottesville1975 Simpson, J. L. / Fox, Hazel, International Arbitration - Law and Practice, London 1959 Kersley, R.H., M.A., LL.M./ Broom, Herbert, LL.D., A Selection of Legal Maxims, 10th ed. London, 1939 Müller, Tobias Malte, Ausgesuchte Fragen der Beweislastverteilung im UN-Kaufrecht im Lichte der aktuellen Rechtsprechung, München 2005 Zeller, Damages under the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 2nd ed. 2009 Baker, Stewart/ Davis, Mark D., Arbitral Proceedings under the UNICTRAL Rules - The Experience of the Iran - United States Claims Tribunal, 23 G.Wash.J.Int’I L.&Ec. 1989, at 267 et seq. Ferrari, Franco, Das Verhältnis zwischen den Unidroit-Grundsätzen und den allgemeinen Grundsätzen internationaler Einheitsprivatrechtskonventionen, JZ 1998, at 9 et seq. Hunter, Martin / Conde e Silva, Gui, Transnational Public Policy and its Application in Investment Arbitrations, Journal of World Investment 2003, 367 Highet, Keith, Evidence, The Chamber, and the ELSI Case, in: Lillich, Richard B., Fact-Finding Before International Tribunals [eleventh Sokol Colloquium], Ardsley-on-Hudson, New York 1992, at 33 Holtzmann, Howard M., Fact-Finding by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in: Lillich, Richard B., Fact-Finding Before International Tribunals [eleventh Sokol Colloquium], Ardsley-on-Hudson, New York 1992, at 101 Selby, Jamison, Fact-Finding by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal: The View from the Trenches, in: Lillich, Richard B., Fact-Finding Before International Tribunals [eleventh Sokol Colloquium], Ardsley-on-Hudson, New York 1992, at 135 Magnus, Ulrich, Die allgemeinen Grundsätze im UN-Kaufrecht, 59 RabelsZ 1995, at 469 et seq. Ortscheidt, Jérôme, La réparation du dommage dans l'arbitrage commercial international, Paris 2001. Ripert, Georges, Les Règles du Droit Civil Applicables aux Rapports Internationaux (Contribution à l'Etude des Principes Généraux du Droit Visés au Statut de la Cour Permanente de Justice Internationale), 44 Rec.Cours 1933-II, at 569 et seq. Voigtel, Unter welchen Umständen ist die Existenz eines Contocurrent-Verhältnisses anzunehmen?, 3 Archiv für Theorie und Praxis des Allgemeinen deutschen Handelsrechts 1864, at 203 et seq. Craig, W. Laurence/ Park, William W./ Paulsson, Jan, International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration, 3rd ed., Dobbs Ferry 2000 Derains, Yves, note to ICC award No. 10982,Journal du Droit International, Clunet 2005, 1263 Derains, Yves, note to ICC Award No. 1434, Clunet 1976, at 982 et seq. Gaillard, Emmanuel, note to ICC Award No. 3344, Clunet 1982, at 983 et seq. Arnaldez, Jean-Jacques, note to ICC Award No. 6653, Clunet 1993, at 1047 et seq. suggest references The TransLex-Team is thankful for any contribution.
close X ICC Award No.1434, Clunet 1976, at 978 et seq. ICC Award No. 3344, Clunet 1982, at 978 et seq. ICC Award No. 6653, Clunet 1993, at 1040 et seq. ICC Award No. 7331, Clunet 1995, at 1001 et seq. ICC Award No. 8874, ICC Bull. 10/No. 2 (1999), at 60 et seq. Iran-US Claims Tribunal, Abrahim Rahman Golshani v. The Government of The Islamic Republic of Iran, YCA 1994, at 421 et seq. ICSID Award, Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. v. The Republic of Sri Lanka, YCA 1991, at 106 et seq. Decision on Jurisdiction of 24 December 1996 and Award of 29 April 1999 in case no ARB/94/2, YCA 2000, 221 et seq. Ad Hoc-Award of October 27, 1989 and June 30, 1990, Antoine Biloune (Syria) and Marine Drive Complex Ltd. (Ghana) v. Ghana Investment Centre and the Government of Ghana, YCA 1994, at 11 et seq. CCIG Award, 1989, [1993] ASA. Bull. 216 et seq. suggest references The TransLex-Team is thankful for any contribution.
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Please cite as: "Commentary to Trans-Lex Principle No. XII.1 - Distribution of burden of proof, http://www.trans-lex.org/966000"
This Principle means that a claimant bears the burden of proof for the facts which support his claim, e.g. the facts supporting a claim for damages, while the respondent bears the burden of proof for the facts supporting his defences, e.g. the defence of disenrichment against a claim for restoration of an unjust enrichment.