Title

Egyptian Civil Code

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Table of Contents

Code Civil
Titre préliminaire - Chapitre Premier
§ 2. Application des lois. Conflits des lois quant au lieu
Art. 19

Civil Code
Art. 19
Art. 147
Art. 148
Art. 216

Content

1

Translation Les obligations contractuelles sont régies par la loi du domicile quand elle est commune aux parties contractantes et, à défaut de domicile commun, par la loi du lieu où le contrat a été conclu. Le tout, à moins que les parties ne conviennent ou qu'il ne résulte des circonstances qu'une autre loi devra être appliquée.

Toutefois, les contrats relatifs à des immeubles seront soumis à la loi de la Situation de l'immeuble.

When, however, as a result of exceptional and unpredictable events of a general character, the performance of the contractual obligation, without becoming impossible, becomes excessively onerous in such way as to threaten the debtor with exorbitant loss, the judge may according to the circumstances, and after taking into consideration the interests of both parties, reduce to reasonable limits, the obligation that has become excessive. Any agreement to the contrary is void.

Art. 147

The contract makes the law of the parties. It can be revoked or altered only by mutual consent of the parties or for reasons provided for by law.

When, however, as a result of exceptional and unpredictable events of a general character, the performance of the contractual obligation, without becoming impossible, becomes excessively onerous in such way as to threaten the debtor with exorbitant loss, the judge may according to the circumstances, and after taking into consideration the interests of both parties, reduce to reasonable limits, the obligation that has become excessive. Any agreement to the contrary is void.

A contract must be performed in accordance with its contents and in compliance with the requirements of good faith.

A contract binds the contracting party not only as regards its expressed conditions, but also as regards everything which, according to law, usage and equity, is deemed, in view of the nature of the obligation, to be a necessary sequel to the contract.

The judge may reduce the amount of damages or may even refuse to allow damages if the creditor, by his own fault, has contributed to the cause of, or increased, the loss.

[French text extracted from Kropholler, Außereuropäische IPR-Gesetze, Hamburg 1999]

Footnotes

Additional Information

See for the whole Civil Code in English: http://www.tashreaat.com/view_studies2.asp?id=486&std_id=82 

Referring Principles/Related Documents

Referring Principle: No. XIV.2 - Closest connection-/Center of gravity-test
Referring Principle: No. IV.1.2 - Sanctity of contracts
Referring Principle: No. VIII.1 - Definition
Referring Principle: No. I.1.1 - Good faith and fair dealing in international trade
Referring Principle: No. VII.4 - Duty to mitigate

This document is cited by:

ICSID Award, Southern Pacific Properties (Middle East) Ltd. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, YCA 1994, at 51 et seq. (also published in: ICSID Rev.-FILJ 1993, at 328 et seq.; ICSID Rep. 1995, at 189 et seq.; ILM 1993, at 933 et seq.; Clunet 1994, at 121 et seq.)
Bernardini, Piero, Adaption of Contracts, in: Sanders (ed.), ICCA Congress ser. no. 1, Deventer 1983, at 211 et seq.
Horn, Norbert, Changes in Circumstances and the Revision of Contracts in Some European Laws and in International Law, in: Horn (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance, Antwerp, Boston, London, Frankfurt a.M. 1985, at 15 et seq.
CRCICA Award 14/1989, in: Mohie Eldin I. Alam Eldin, Arbitral Awards of the Cairo Regional Centre of International Commercial Arbitration, The Hague 2000, at 17 et seq.
CRCICA Award no. 14/1989, in: Mohie Eldin I. Alam Eldin, Arbitral Awards of the Cairo Regional Centre of International Commercial Arbitration, The Hague 2000, p. 17